Harpers Ferry National Historical Park - Plants

Plants are a very important component of the park since approximately 70% of its land is forested. An overview of plant species follows, but note that distinct upland, lowland, and floodplain vegetation communities are present throughout the park [see Trees and Shrubs subheading].

Numerous fern species including woolly lip fern ( Cheilanthes lanosa ) and marginal shield fern ( Dryopteris marginalis ) occur in the park. Grasses, sedges, and rushes also play a valuable role in the plant communities. Tall brome grass ( Bromus pubescens ) and greenish sedge ( Carex virescens ) are just a few of the local species. Trees such as chestnut oak ( Quercus prinus ) and tulip poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera ) often dominate the forest canopy; whereas, red maple ( Acer rubrum ) and hackberry ( Celtis occidentalis ) are frequently scattered through the understory. Common shrub species in the park include spicebush ( Lindera benzoin ) and mountain laurel ( Kalmia latifolia ), while popular wildflowers include Virginia bluebells ( Mertensia virginica ) and wild columbine ( Aquilegia canadensis ).